Why Your Dog Might Need a Winter Coat
When the temperatures drop and frost starts to bite, you might find yourself reaching for a warmer jumper. But what about your four-legged friend? While many dogs possess a natural insulating layer of fur, not all breeds are equally equipped to handle harsh winter weather. Understanding your dog's specific needs can help you decide if a winter coat is a necessary addition to their cold-weather gear.
Certain breeds, particularly those with thin coats, short fur, or a lack of undercoat, are more susceptible to the cold. Think of breeds like Greyhounds, Whippets, Chihuahuas, and Italian Greyhounds, whose low body fat and minimal natural protection mean they can shiver even in moderate cold. Similarly, very young puppies and senior dogs often have less efficient thermoregulation, making them more vulnerable to chills. Dogs recovering from illness or surgery might also benefit from added warmth. Even dogs with thicker coats can feel the chill if they are elderly, very small, or have specific health conditions that compromise their ability to regulate body temperature. It’s about recognising individual vulnerability rather than a one-size-fits-all approach.
The environment plays a significant role, too. If you live in an area with prolonged periods of freezing temperatures, snow, or ice, a coat provides an extra layer of defence. Even short walks in sub-zero conditions can be uncomfortable and potentially harmful for some dogs. More importantly, prolonged exposure to cold can lead to hypothermia, which is a serious medical condition. A well-fitting coat acts as a barrier, helping to retain body heat and keep your dog's core temperature stable.
It's also worth considering that some dogs simply have a lower tolerance for cold than others, regardless of breed. A dog that starts shivering, tucks its tail, or seems reluctant to go outside might be telling you they are feeling the cold. Paying attention to these behavioural cues is often the most reliable indicator of whether your dog needs extra protection from the winter elements.
Recognising signs of cold is the first step to ensuring your dog's comfort.
Assessing Your Dog's Individual Needs
Before investing in a dog coat, take a moment to assess your dog's specific requirements. Consider their breed, age, and coat type. A Siberian Husky or a Newfoundland is bred for cold climates and typically does not require a coat. Conversely, a Dachshund or a Poodle, with their thinner coats, might feel the cold much more acutely. Age is also a factor; puppies and older dogs often struggle to maintain body heat. If your dog has a medical condition, such as arthritis, or is recovering from surgery, extra warmth can aid comfort and recovery. Observe your dog's behaviour during colder weather; if they shiver, lift their paws, or become lethargic, it’s a clear sign they need protection.
Environmental Factors and Activity Levels
The climate you live in and the types of outdoor activities you engage in with your dog are crucial considerations. If you live in a region with harsh winters, frequent snow, or icy conditions, a robust winter coat becomes more important. For dogs that spend significant time outdoors, whether for work, sport, or simply extended playtime, a coat offers vital protection against the elements. For less active dogs or those on short potty breaks, a lighter layer might suffice. Think about the duration and intensity of your outdoor excursions. A quick trip to the garden requires less protection than a long country walk or a day spent playing in the snow.
Key Features to Look for in Winter Dog Coats
When selecting a coat for your dog, focus on functionality and comfort. The primary goal is to provide insulation and protection against the elements without hindering movement or causing overheating. Several features contribute to a coat's effectiveness in winter conditions, making it vital to inspect these before making a purchase.
The outer material is paramount. For wet and snowy conditions, a waterproof or water-resistant fabric is indispensable. Look for materials like treated nylon or polyester that can repel moisture, preventing your dog from becoming chilled by a soggy coat. Breathability is also important; even in winter, dogs can overheat, especially during exercise. A coat that allows some air circulation will help manage their body temperature. The inner lining should be soft and non-irritating. Fleece or soft cotton blends are common choices that offer comfort against the skin. Some coats feature thermal insulation, such as polyester fill or fleece lining, which adds warmth without excessive bulk. This insulation is crucial for retaining body heat effectively.
Fit and adjustability are critical for both comfort and efficacy. A coat that is too tight can restrict movement and circulation, while one that is too loose can slip, rub, or fail to provide adequate warmth. Look for adjustable straps, typically around the neck and belly, made from Velcro or buckles. These allow you to customise the fit to your dog's unique shape and size, ensuring a snug but comfortable seal against the cold. The length of the coat should also be considered; it should cover the dog’s torso, protecting vital organs, but not extend so far as to impede their ability to go to the toilet. Many coats have specific designs to accommodate male dogs' anatomy. Reflective detailing is an excellent safety feature, especially for dogs walked in low light conditions during winter mornings or evenings. It significantly enhances visibility to motorists and cyclists, providing peace of mind.
Consider the ease of use. A coat should be straightforward to put on and take off your dog, especially if they are impatient or wiggly. Zippers, buckles, or simple Velcro closures can make this process much quicker. Some coats also incorporate a harness or lead attachment point, which can be convenient, though it’s always wise to ensure it’s robust enough for your dog’s needs. Finally, think about maintenance. Is the coat machine washable? This is a significant advantage for easy cleaning, especially after muddy walks.
Choosing the Right Insulation and Outer Shell
The insulation and outer shell are the core components of a winter dog coat. For insulation, materials like fleece, quilted polyester fill, or down alternatives trap body heat effectively. The thickness of the insulation should correlate with your dog's needs and your local climate. A thin fleece lining might suffice for mild cold or short walks, whereas a thicker, padded filling is better for prolonged exposure or extreme temperatures. The outer shell should primarily be waterproof or at least highly water-resistant to protect against rain, sleet, and snow. Materials like treated nylon or polyester with a durable water-repellent (DWR) finish are excellent choices. Avoid porous fabrics that absorb moisture, as a wet coat will offer little warmth and can even make your dog colder.
Importance of a Secure and Comfortable Fit
A coat that fits poorly is ineffective and can cause discomfort or even injury. It should cover your dog's chest and back but allow for freedom of movement in the legs and neck. Adjustable straps around the neck and belly are essential for achieving a secure fit that prevents the coat from shifting. Ensure the coat doesn't restrict breathing, bending, or toileting. A common pitfall is a coat that is too long in the rear, interfering with a male dog’s urination or a female dog’s natural gait. Measure your dog carefully, paying attention to neck circumference, chest girth, and back length, and consult the manufacturer's sizing chart. A well-fitted coat should feel snug like a warm hug, not tight or constricting.
Safety Features for Winter Visibility
Winter days are shorter, and visibility can be poor due to fog, rain, or snow. Therefore, safety features like reflective piping, strips, or panels are invaluable. These elements catch and reflect light from headlights or street lamps, making your dog much more visible to traffic and pedestrians. Some coats come in bright, high-visibility colours, which further enhances their detectability. For dogs that enjoy evening or early morning walks, or those that might tend to wander off in snowy conditions, reflective detailing is not just a bonus; it's a critical safety measure.
How to Measure Your Dog for a Winter Coat
Accurate measurements are crucial for selecting a dog coat that provides optimal warmth, comfort, and freedom of movement. A coat that is too large will not insulate effectively, may slip around, and could even pose a trip hazard. Conversely, a coat that is too small will restrict your dog's movement, potentially chafe their skin, and may not cover enough of their body to provide adequate warmth. Follow these steps to ensure you get the right size every time.
First, you'll need a flexible measuring tape, the kind used for sewing. If you don't have one, a piece of string or ribbon and a standard ruler will suffice; just mark the string where the measurement ends and then measure the string against the ruler. You will primarily need to take three key measurements: neck circumference, chest girth, and back length.
Measure your dog's neck circumference: Measure around the base of the neck, where a collar would naturally sit. Ensure the tape is snug but not tight – you should be able to slip two fingers between the tape and your dog’s neck. This measurement is important for ensuring the neck opening of the coat fits well and doesn't gap or constrict.
Measure your dog's chest girth: This is the measurement around the widest part of your dog’s rib cage, usually just behind their front legs. Again, keep the tape snug but not tight, allowing for two fingers. This is often the largest measurement and is critical for ensuring the coat fits comfortably over their chest and shoulders.
Measure your dog's back length: Have your dog stand naturally. Starting at the base of the neck (where the collar sits), measure along the spine to the base of the tail. It’s important not to measure up to the tip of the tail, but to where the tail begins to curve. Some manufacturers may ask for measurements from the base of the neck to the end of the tail, so always check the specific instructions for the coat you are considering. Most coats are designed to cover the majority of the back but stop before the tail to avoid restricting movement or interfering with toileting.
Once you have these measurements, compare them to the sizing charts provided by the coat manufacturer. Sizing can vary significantly between brands, so do not assume your dog will be a certain size. Always err on the side of caution; if your dog is between sizes, consider which measurement is most critical for the coat's function. For example, if chest girth is the primary fit determinant, and they are borderline, a slightly larger size might be more comfortable. Remember that many coats have adjustable straps, which can help fine-tune the fit, especially around the belly.
Taking Accurate Measurements
To get the most accurate measurements, ensure your dog is standing still on a level surface. Use a flexible measuring tape. For the neck, measure around the point where a collar would rest, ensuring you can fit two fingers comfortably between the tape and your dog’s neck. For the chest, measure around the widest part of the rib cage, typically just behind the front legs. For the back length, measure from the base of the neck (where the collar sits) to the base of the tail. Avoid pulling the tape too tight; a snug fit is key, but it must not restrict breathing or movement.
Understanding Sizing Charts
Every coat manufacturer will provide a sizing chart based on their specific product dimensions. These charts typically list measurements for neck circumference, chest girth, and back length, corresponding to sizes like XS, S, M, L, etc. It is vital to consult these charts for each brand you consider, as sizing is not standardised across the pet industry. If your dog falls between sizes, check the coat's design for adjustability. Coats with multiple Velcro straps or elasticated sections often offer more flexibility. If in doubt, contact the manufacturer or retailer for advice, providing your dog's precise measurements.
What to Do If Your Dog is Between Sizes
When your dog's measurements fall between two sizes, consider the coat's primary function and adjustability. If the coat has significant adjustable straps (e.g., Velcro belly bands and neck closures), opting for the larger size might provide more room for adjustment while ensuring full coverage. However, if the chest girth is the most critical factor for your dog (e.g., a deep-chested breed), and they are borderline, the larger size might offer better comfort and movement. Conversely, if the chest fit is snug on the larger size, or if the coat is designed for less bulky insulation, the smaller size might be preferable, relying on adjustable straps for a tighter fit. Always check product reviews for feedback on sizing from other dog owners.
Types of Winter Coats for Dogs
The market offers a diverse range of winter coats for dogs, each designed to meet different needs, from simple warmth to protection against extreme weather. Understanding these variations will help you choose the most suitable option for your dog's lifestyle and your local climate.
Standard Padded Coats: These are the most common type, offering good insulation for everyday winter wear. They typically feature a water-resistant outer shell and a warm inner lining, often made of fleece or synthetic fill. They cover the dog's back and chest, providing essential warmth for their core. Many come with adjustable straps for a secure fit.
Waterproof and All-Weather Jackets: For dogs that enjoy playing in snow or enduring wet, cold conditions, these coats are ideal. They boast fully waterproof outer shells, often with taped seams, to keep dogs dry. They are usually insulated but designed to be breathable, preventing overheating during activity. Features like elasticated leg holes and tail-end coverage offer maximum protection.
Fleece Jumpers/Gilets: Lighter than padded coats, these are excellent for dogs that only need a moderate amount of warmth or for layering under a waterproof outer shell. Made entirely of fleece, they offer comfort and a bit of insulation. They typically cover the back and chest but may not offer as much protection against wind or heavy rain as a full coat.
Harness-Integrated Coats: These coats have a built-in harness, combining two pieces of dog gear into one. This can be convenient for dogs that don't require a heavy-duty harness. The harness point is usually located on the back. However, for dogs that pull, or for those needing a more secure or specific type of harness, separate coats and harnesses might be a better option.
Full Body Suits/Snowsuits: For ultimate protection against deep snow, ice, and extreme cold, full body suits cover the dog's torso, legs, and sometimes even their head (with hoods). These are most suitable for breeds with very little natural protection, or for dogs participating in winter sports or living in very harsh environments. They require careful fitting to ensure all limbs are adequately covered without restricting movement.
When choosing, consider how much coverage your dog needs. A short-haired dog that gets cold easily might benefit from a full body suit, while a dog with a moderately thick coat might only need a gilet for chilly mornings. The activity level is also key; a dog that runs and plays vigorously will generate more body heat than one that takes leisurely strolls.
Exploring Different Styles and Coverage
The variety in dog coat styles ranges from simple fleece gilets that cover the back and chest, offering a base layer of warmth, to full-body snowsuits that protect all four legs and the torso from harsh elements. Padded jackets provide excellent insulation and are typically water-resistant, ideal for general winter use. For dogs that spend extended periods outdoors in wet conditions, fully waterproof and breathable jackets with sealed seams are a superior choice. Some designs incorporate hoods for extra head and ear protection, while others are specifically shaped to accommodate male dogs’ anatomy for ease of toileting. The coverage area should be sufficient to protect your dog’s core body temperature, extending from the neck down to the base of the tail, and encompassing the chest and belly.
Layering for Variable Winter Conditions
Layering is a highly effective strategy for managing your dog's comfort in variable winter weather. A thin fleece jumper or a thermal base layer can be worn alone on milder days or under a waterproof outer jacket when conditions are colder and wetter. This approach allows you to adjust your dog's insulation based on the temperature, wind chill, and their activity level, preventing both chills and overheating. For instance, a fleece layer might be sufficient for a short walk in crisp, dry air, but when rain or snow is expected, adding a waterproof shell over the fleece provides essential protection against moisture and wind. This flexibility ensures your dog remains comfortable whether you are transitioning from indoors to outdoors or encountering changing weather during a longer outing.
Specialised Coats for Snow and Ice
For dogs that actively play in snow or live in regions with significant snowfall and icy conditions, specialised snowsuits or heavy-duty winter coats are recommended. These garments often feature advanced waterproof and windproof materials, robust insulation, and sometimes even water-repellent treatments on the fabric. Look for features like internal gaiters at the leg cuffs to prevent snow from entering, and reinforced stitching for durability. The design should ensure full coverage of the torso and legs, offering maximum protection against the cold and wet. These suits are designed to allow for freedom of movement, enabling dogs to run, jump, and play comfortably, even in deep snow or freezing temperatures.
Caring for Your Dog's Winter Coat
Once you’ve invested in a quality winter coat for your dog, proper care will ensure its longevity, effectiveness, and your dog’s continued comfort. Like any garment, dog coats require cleaning and occasional maintenance to keep them in good condition, especially after exposure to the elements. Regular care prevents the buildup of dirt, moisture, and odours, and helps maintain the coat's protective properties.
Cleaning Instructions: Always check the care label on the coat for specific washing instructions. Most modern dog coats are designed for easy maintenance and are machine washable. Typically, it's recommended to wash the coat on a gentle cycle using a mild detergent. Avoid using fabric softeners, as they can degrade the waterproof coatings and clog the breathable membranes of the fabric. Before washing, close all zips, Velcro fastenings, and buckles to prevent snagging or damage. For heavily soiled coats, you might need to pre-treat stains or give them a gentle scrub with a soft brush.
Drying: Air drying is generally the best method for preserving the integrity of the coat’s materials, especially waterproof coatings. Hang the coat on a line or a sturdy hanger, away from direct heat sources like radiators or tumble dryers, which can melt synthetic materials or damage the insulation. Ensure the coat is completely dry before storing it or putting it back on your dog. If the coat is advertised as tumble dry safe, use a low heat setting and remove it promptly. Some waterproof coatings require heat to reactivate them; check the manufacturer's instructions. If so, a short cycle on low heat after air drying can help restore its water repellency.
Storage: When not in use during warmer months, store the coat in a clean, dry place. Avoid cramming it into a small space, which can crease the fabric and damage insulation. A breathable garment bag or a clean box is ideal. Ensure the coat is thoroughly clean and dry before storing to prevent mildew or odours.
Repairs: Small tears or loose stitching can often be repaired at home. For minor issues, a needle and thread can fix seams. For more significant damage to the outer fabric, consider using a fabric repair patch designed for outdoor gear. If the waterproof coating is compromised, you might be able to reapply a waterproofing spray specifically designed for textiles, following the product’s instructions. Regular inspection of the coat for wear and tear will allow you to address minor issues before they become major problems, extending the life of the garment.
Re-waterproofing: Over time, the water-repellent finish on a dog coat can wear off, especially after repeated washing and use. You can often restore this repellency by applying a specialised waterproofing spray or wash-in treatment. Products like Nikwax or Grangers are commonly used for outdoor gear and are suitable for dog coats. Ensure you follow the product instructions carefully, paying attention to whether the treatment requires heat reactivation (often achieved by a low-heat tumble dry or ironing between layers of cloth).
Washing and Maintaining Waterproof Fabrics
To maintain the water-repellent properties of your dog’s coat, avoid harsh detergents and fabric softeners. Wash on a gentle cycle with lukewarm water. Use a specialised cleaner designed for waterproof and breathable fabrics, or a mild, non-biological liquid detergent. Rinse thoroughly to remove all traces of soap. After washing, never use a tumble dryer unless explicitly stated on the care label, as high heat can damage the fabric's membranes or melt synthetic insulation. Air drying in a well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight or heat, is the safest option. If the care label permits, a brief tumble dry on a low setting after air drying can help reactivate the DWR (Durable Water Repellent) finish.
Checking and Repairing Damage
Regularly inspect your dog's coat for any signs of wear and tear, such as loose threads, small rips, or worn seams. Small tears in the outer fabric can often be mended with a fabric repair patch or by hand-stitching. If a zipper is damaged or a buckle is broken, these components can sometimes be replaced. For more significant structural damage or compromised waterproofing, it might be time to consider a replacement, but minor repairs can significantly extend the useful life of the coat. Ensure any repairs are durable and won't snag or irritate your dog.
Proper Storage for Longevity
When the winter season concludes, clean the coat thoroughly before storing it. Ensure it is completely dry to prevent mould or mildew growth. Store the coat in a cool, dry place, preferably not compressed in a plastic bag, as this can trap moisture and damage the fabric. A breathable garment bag or simply hanging it on a hook in a closet is ideal. Avoid storing it where it might be exposed to dampness, direct sunlight, or pests. Proper storage helps maintain the coat's shape, insulation, and material integrity for the following winter.
Common Pitfalls When Buying Dog Coats
Navigating the world of dog winter wear can sometimes lead to frustrating purchases. Many owners fall into common traps that result in coats that don't fit, don't provide adequate warmth, or are simply impractical. Being aware of these potential pitfalls can save you time, money, and ensure your dog stays comfortable and safe throughout the colder months.
One of the most frequent mistakes is **incorrect sizing**. As discussed, dogs come in all shapes and sizes, and relying on breed stereotypes for sizing is a recipe for disaster. A size ‘Medium’ for one brand can be vastly different for another. Failing to measure accurately, or not consulting the specific size chart for the product you're interested in, leads to coats that are too tight, too loose, or don't cover the right areas. This not only makes the coat ineffective but can also cause discomfort or chafing.
Another common pitfall is **prioritising style over substance**. While a coat might look attractive, its primary function is protection from the cold. Choosing a coat based solely on its aesthetic appeal without considering its insulation, waterproofing, and fit means you might end up with a fashionable but ineffective garment. For example, a thin, non-water-resistant coat might look nice but will offer little protection on a damp, chilly day.
**Overlooking the dog’s individual needs** is also a significant error. Not all dogs require the same level of warmth or protection. A thick, heavily insulated coat might be perfect for a Chihuahua in snowy climes but would likely cause overheating in a short-haired Labrador during a mild winter spell. Similarly, a coat with a built-in harness might seem convenient, but if your dog pulls heavily, a separate, robust harness might be necessary for better control and safety.
Finally, **ignoring the dog's behaviour** when wearing the coat is a mistake. If your dog seems uncomfortable, restricted, or is constantly trying to remove the coat, it's a sign something is wrong. This could be due to poor fit, uncomfortable materials, or the coat simply being unsuitable for their needs. It’s vital to observe your dog’s reaction and adjust accordingly. A coat should enhance their comfort outdoors, not become a source of distress.
Ignoring the Importance of Waterproofing
Many owners underestimate the significance of waterproofing. Even on seemingly cold but dry days, rain or sleet can appear. A dog wearing a non-waterproof coat that gets wet will lose its insulating properties and can become chilled, potentially leading to discomfort or illness. For most winter conditions, especially in regions prone to damp weather, a water-resistant or fully waterproof outer shell is a non-negotiable feature. Always check product descriptions for terms like 'waterproof', 'water-repellent', or look for materials known for their moisture-shedding capabilities.
Failing to Check for Adjustability
A coat that comes in a single, fixed size or has minimal adjustment points can be problematic. Dogs have varying body shapes – some are deep-chested, others slender, and many have a significant difference between neck and chest girth. Without adjustable straps (like Velcro or buckles) around the neck, chest, and sometimes the belly, achieving a secure and comfortable fit is difficult. This lack of adjustability often leads to gaps where cold air can enter, or the coat shifting around, causing chafing or becoming ineffective. Always look for coats that offer a degree of customisation in their fit.
Buying Based Solely on Breed
While breed can offer general guidelines, it's a flawed approach to base your entire decision solely on breed. Factors like age, health, coat condition (e.g., is the undercoat thick or sparse?), and individual temperament play a huge role in a dog's cold tolerance. For example, a Siberian Husky that has lived indoors for years might feel the cold more than a short-haired Dachshund that enjoys vigorous outdoor activity. Always measure your specific dog and consult the manufacturer's sizing chart rather than assuming a size based on their breed alone.
Next Steps: Choosing the Right Coat For Your Dog
Selecting the perfect winter coat for your canine companion involves a thoughtful process that balances protection, comfort, and practicality. By now, you understand why your dog might need a coat, the key features to look for, how to measure accurately, and the common mistakes to avoid. The next step is to consolidate this knowledge and make an informed decision.
Begin by revisiting your dog's specific needs. Consider their breed, age, health, and coat type. Are they a short-haired breed prone to shivering, or a more robust dog that just needs a little extra warmth on the coldest days? Think about your local climate and the typical winter conditions you face. Is it often wet and windy, or predominantly dry and cold? How long will your dog typically wear the coat during outdoor excursions? A dog that enjoys long hikes in the snow will require a different type of coat than one that only ventures out for short potty breaks.
Next, prioritise the features that align with these needs. If you live in a rainy area, waterproof and breathable materials are paramount. For extreme cold, focus on well-insulated options. Always check for adjustability in the neck, chest, and belly areas to ensure a snug, comfortable fit that prevents heat loss and chafing. Reflective detailing is a vital safety feature, especially if you walk during dawn or dusk.
When you’ve identified a few potential coats, consult the manufacturer’s sizing charts meticulously. Measure your dog carefully, and if they fall between sizes, consider the coat’s adjustability and coverage. Reading reviews from other owners can also provide valuable insights into how a particular coat fits and performs in real-world conditions.
Finally, remember that a coat is an investment in your dog's well-being. While budget is a consideration, investing in a good quality, well-fitting coat that meets your dog's needs will provide greater comfort and protection, ultimately contributing to a happier, healthier winter for both of you. Don't be afraid to spend a little more for a durable, functional piece of gear that will last.
Prioritising Functionality Over Fashion
When browsing for winter coats, it's easy to be drawn to visually appealing designs. However, for true winter protection, functionality must always take precedence. Ensure the coat offers adequate insulation for your dog's needs, whether that’s a thick padded lining for extreme cold or a lighter fleece for milder days. Crucially, check for water and wind resistance, especially if your region experiences damp winters. A coat that keeps your dog dry and blocks the wind will provide significantly more warmth than a stylish but impractical garment. Look for features like secure closures, appropriate length, and freedom of movement to ensure it’s not just pretty, but profoundly practical.
Checking Manufacturer Websites for Sizing and Details
Once you have narrowed down your choices, always visit the official manufacturer's website. Here you will find the most accurate and up-to-date sizing charts, detailed product specifications, and often customer reviews or Q&A sections. This is also the best place to verify the materials used, the level of waterproofing (e.g., hydrostatic head ratings, if available), and specific features like the type of insulation or closure mechanisms. Don't rely solely on third-party retailer descriptions, as they may be less detailed or accurate. The manufacturer's site is your definitive resource for understanding exactly what you are buying and ensuring a correct fit for your dog.
What to Do If Your Dog Dislikes Their Coat
If your dog shows significant distress or discomfort wearing their new coat, don't force them. First, re-evaluate the fit. Is it too tight, too loose, or rubbing somewhere? Are the straps positioned uncomfortably? Adjustments can often fix fit issues. If the fit is good, consider the material or weight; perhaps it's too hot or the fabric feels unpleasant against their skin. Try introducing the coat gradually, pairing it with treats and praise, and increasing the duration of wear slowly. If, after trying these steps, your dog remains resistant, the coat might simply not be suitable for their temperament or sensory sensitivities. In such cases, you may need to explore alternative solutions, such as different types of coats or focusing on other ways to keep them warm during short outdoor periods.